Sovereign AI Gaining Renewed Attention Worldwide, and Moving Toward Realization

◆Against the backdrop of rapid AI technological evolution, sovereign AI is drawing renewed attention. Sovereign AI refers to the capability of nations and corporations to independently develop and operate AI systems by leveraging their own data and technological infrastructure, while minimizing external dependencies. At its core lies a strategic stance aimed at securing data sovereignty and technological autonomy by managing and operating one’s own data within one’s own borders or within one’s own organization.

◆Governments and corporations are transitioning to a phase of strategically leveraging AI. Consequently, multifaceted challenges arising from external dependence on AI technology have emerged, including: (1) securing data sovereignty and security, (2) ensuring technological autonomy, (3) strengthening domestic industries, and (4) guaranteeing cultural and social compatibility. Amid the ongoing technological supremacy competition between the US and China, third countries like the EU and South Korea are accelerating policy initiatives centered on strengthening AI foundational model development capabilities, infrastructure development, and development of human resources.

◆Japan is also advancing the formulation of its Basic Plan for Artificial Intelligence (AI Basic Plan), which incorporates support for developing trustworthy AI. The outline aims to ensure technological independence by enhancing Japanese language and industrial data, establishing R&D frameworks through private-sector collaboration, and strengthening infrastructure such as high-performance AI semiconductors. Through these initiatives, the plan seeks to build a domestic AI ecosystem and enhance international competitiveness.

◆Achieving this goal presents numerous challenges in terms of technology, human resources, and funding. Continuous research and development is essential for gaining and maintaining an edge in AI-related technologies, and the burden of establishing the necessary environment, covering operational costs, and securing personnel is significant. Private companies alone face limitations in establishing sustainable systems. Moving forward, it is crucial for the public and private sectors to collaborate in building an AI ecosystem. This should aim to simultaneously enhance competitiveness and ensure technological independence through international rule-making and cooperation with other nations, while elevating competitiveness through effective institutional management.